Child Observation Paper

Child Observation Paper Jason Betts Pacific Oaks College November 12, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss and review my observation of a 7 year old African American male who is being raised by his grandmother (45 year old Bi-racial female who has 9 children of her own; 7 of the children are still in the house). During my observation of â€Å"Jackson†, I focused on the following domains of child development: * Physical * Cognitive * Social * Emotional I applied Attachment theory throughout the observations, which were completed at his home, at the park, and at the grocery store.I was unable to observe Jackson at his school. Jackson is being raised by his grandmother because his mother is addicted to drugs, and is unable to provide a home for him and his 2 other siblings. Jackson has been raised by the grandmother since age 2. Jackson appears well nourished, dressed appropriately, but looks somewhat withdrawn, especially when interacting with other adults, and sometimes his own family members. Attachment theory is the dynamics of long term relationships between people. The most important relationship is the one between an infant and at least one caregiver.The level of social and emotional development during the relationship is crucial, in order for normal development to occur within the child. The first to develop the theory was John Bowlby, who realized the importance of the child’s relationship with their primary caregiver (usually the mother), in terms of the child’s emotional, cognitive, and social development. The set goal of the attachment behavior system is to maintain the bond with an emotionally available and accessible attachment figure. On September 7, 2012, observation #1 was conducted at the park between 8:30am and 10:00am. I have personally known Jackson’s grandmother for 2 ears. Present at the park was Jackson, 3 of Jackson’s cousins (ages 8, 10, and 11), and Jackson’s grandmother. It was a sunny d ay, and the park was empty at first, but as time passed, a few other families arrived to play. I concentrated on Jackson’s social and emotional development with the use of Attachment theory. During playtime with his cousins, and a few strangers’ children, Jackson was able to play freely for a short period of time, and did not concern himself with the proximity of his caregiver (grandmother) and himself. When agitated for whatever reasons, Jackson was the physical aggressor.This may be related to the ambivalent/resistant attachment he has with his maternal mother. Jackson quickly changed from being positive, to being negative, demonstrated bullying behavior, and his communication skills declined as demonstrated by the profane language he used when upset or agitated. It appears that Jackson has a low self-image and low self-esteem (Ainsworth Attachment Pattern Chart). I think this is why he bullies others. Although Jackson and his grandmother have a somewhat secure attac hment, it is still an insecure attachment, and there are signs of an avoidant attachment pattern.The grandmother has little response when Jackson is distressed, she discourages crying, and reminds Jackson to be independent, and a â€Å"big boy. † On September 21, 2012, observation #2 was conducted at Jackson’s grandmother’s home between the hours of 2:00pm and 3:30pm. It was a sunny day, very hot, and present in the home were all 7 of the grandmother’s children (between the ages of 7-21), and Jackson’s younger siblings (brother-3 years old and sister-4 years old). I concentrated on Jackson’s cognitive and physical development with the use of Attachment theory.Jackson was doing homework, and watching the other children play a video game. The grandmother was in the kitchen cooking dinner. Jackson appeared to be able to work on his subject material without assistance, but was unable to stay focused on the task. The grandmother stated that Jacks on did not perform well in school. I asked Jackson if he received good grades. The other children added their grades to the conversation. They all said they received A’s and B’s. Jackson appeared withdrawn, and was somewhat embarrassed before stating that he did not do well in school.Jackson knows that he can perform better in school. When the other children began to tease Jackson, he was ready to fight some of them. This is typical behavior for Jackson, and is also a pattern of disorganized attachment. Children with a disorganized pattern in infancy tend to show disturbed patterns of relationships, subsequently, their relationships with peers can often be characterized by a â€Å"fight or flight† pattern of alternate aggression and withdrawal. Jackson’s coping skills when upset, threatened, or embarrassed is fight, unless the person is physically bigger than him.If this is the case, Jackson uses flight to cope, and seeks his grandmother for protection an d comfort. On October 13, 2012, observation #3 was conducted at the grocery store and at a fast food restaurant between the hours of 3:00pm and 4:30pm. It was an over cast day, and present at the store and restaurant were 6 of the grandmother’s children (between the ages of 7-21), and Jackson’s mother. I concentrated on Jackson’s social, emotional, and physical development with the use of Attachment theory. Jackson’s mother arrived at the store, and met us inside.I was surprised to see Jackson’s mother, and so was Jackson. The mother and Jackson did not communicate with each other. The mother got upset at the store with the grandmother, and stated she was going to leave, and take Jackson with her. The grandmother said â€Å"No. † Jackson became very upset, and yelled, â€Å"No! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I hate you! † Jackson was able to calm down when the mother left the scene. This occurred in the parking lot at the store. At the r estaurant, Jackson started bulling the smaller cousins. The grandmother did not correct the behavior.The grandmother stated that Jackson was only playing. This lack of correction reassures Jackson that this behavior is appropriate; solving problems with his fists, and when upset or threatened, to fight his own battles. This is another example of disorganized attachment. Although Jackson is being cared for by his grandmother, in a loving home, due to the disorganized attachment he has with his mother, the maternal deprivation from birth to age 2 or 3, the abuse, trauma, and lack of stability throughout his young life, Jackson has to initially protect himself by demonstrating physical behavior.Jackson uses physical aggression as a coping skill in certain situations. Jackson has been harmed by the abusive non- relationship with his mother, which may have internalized a negative self-image and negative expectations into his relationships with his grandmother and others. The grandmotherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s avoidant style in the relationship has continued the mental abuse of Jackson. There is a lack of an intimate, enjoyable relationship between Jackson and his grandmother, which will continue to have a negative impact on the mental and social development of Jackson.Jackson is seeking stability and appropriate responses to the experiences he encounters daily. Jackson and his family are good candidates for therapy; individual for Jackson, and family therapy for the rest of the family. Jackson’s mother needs drug treatment and counseling, in order to possibly repair the damaged non-relationship she has with Jackson, and with her own mother. According to Ainsworth, the early intervention for disorganized attachment, or other problematic styles, is directed toward changing the trajectory of development to provide a better outcome later in the person's life.Jackson is in great need of intervention. Without intervention, it appears that Jackson will continue his development i nto an angrier, emotionally unbalanced, young man. References Ainsworth, MD (1967). Infancy in Uganda. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. Attachment and Loss. Vol. I. London: Hogarth. Bowlby, J. , Ainsworth, M. D. , ; Fry, M. (1965). Child care and the growth of love (2d Ed. ). Baltimore: Penguin Books.

Management Essay

1) What forces for change are evident at the Oconomo plant? (5) The forces for change that are evident at the Oconomo plant are the callenges dealing with high labor cost. As a result Lamprey is deciding to lower wages from $16 to $1.60 per hour. Also the union and Oconomo are disagreeing with this new change taking place with the wages. 2) Which of the forces in force-field analysis do you think would be more powerful than the other in this situation? Between the two forces I think the Driving Force would be more powerful than the other in this situation. The greatest force that drives the company to expect change is that it’s operating at a high cost and instead of giving returns it’s giving out loses. As a result, the aim of the company is to make changes so that it can appreciate profits in the future. In additional to there being high cost the thing that needs to be understood is that in order for the company to meet its operations it must realize some of the returns from what it has invested. Having invested in the company the managers and shareholders should expect that the company is going to provide sufficient returns which will be shared and at the same time enable the company to stay in the market. There also exist the risks of the competitors who are in the market currently. For the company to make it in the market, it must change its working conditions so that they fit with the current market situation. Another problem is the workers point of refusing to cooperate. The company is planning to reduce the amount of pay it’s going to provide to its workers with a significant drop. This is a great problem which workers are not ready to accept the desired change of the company. Another force for change is that competitors are in the market and of late they have threatened the company from the services and products that they are providing to the society. Quality is one thing that the company should look at so as to retain its market segment else the upcoming companies will outperform the company. 3) What is the primary type of change needed – changing â€Å"things† or changing the â€Å"people and culture†? The primary change that is appropriate at the moment is changing the people and their culture. The reason as to why changing people and culture is of importance to the company is that having changed people all other things will work accordingly. People’s culture is of importance in the way the company operates simply because if the culture or people fit in the objectives of the company then all other things will be in place. People are the main target of any given business set up. This means that in changing anything that is in respect to the company’s operations then the people and their culture is the initial thing that should be taken into consideration. Another thing is that having changed people’s perception competitors will have no say because you would have drove the attentions of the market to your operations. 4) What do you think is the underlying cause of the union leaders’ resistance to change? Union leaders are resistant to change due to a single reason which the company is reluctant to handle. The reason as to the resistance is that Oconomo plant has plans to provide workers with less wages which they feel they cant live within that budget. Looking at some companies which are emerging, union leaders are not ready to accept the change simply because those companies are giving out wages which are high and the quality of services and products that they have is almost outdoing the one Oconomo plant is providing. Jim has a hard time of convincing union leaders on what should be done. What he is supposed to do is to give union leaders the risk behind getting a new job if they lose the one they have. There are so many people in the town who are looking for job. Also, he should convince them to work as the negotiation is being carried out for a better change. There are benefits that workers get from the company and if they resign, such as medical and insurance benefits, then they will no longer get until they get another job.

Introduction to Accounting - AAS3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Accounting - AAS3 - Coursework Example (Morrisons Annual Report, 2012) Moreover, it has 475 stores throughout U.K, while the new CEO, Dalton Phillips has quoted to have said to acquire 100 new stores in London and Southeast. (Morby, 2013) According to their latest annual report, Morrisons employ 131 thousand persons who serve 11 million customers every week. (Morrisons Annual Report, 2012) The current year has brought some positives for the chain of stores in form of two major achievements. Firstly, it has been able to strike a very important deal with Ocado to market its food online, and secondly, it has been able to add 200,000 sq feet of space in only 3 months to cop up with the fierce competition that has prevailed within the industry. (The Guardian, 2013) At present, Morrisons is standing tall due to its good practices in supply chain management, which kept it safe from the latest horsemeat scandal that adversely impacted Tesco. (BBC News, 2013) Today, it is growing at a rapid pace as can be seen by their decision to adopt cash management systems, online food business and the opening of new convenient stores. (Neville, 2013) TABLE OF RATIOS Ratio FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 Industry 2012 Liquidity Quick Ratio 0.25 0.28 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.77 Current Ratio 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.95 Efficiency Asset turnover 1.70 1.77 1.76 1.80 1.79 1.49 Inventory turnover 27.43 27.56 24.87 24.03 21.67 17.95 Debtors Collection 5.5 6.1 3.4 4.3 3.9 2.5 Capital Structure Debt to Equity 74.4% 82.0% 77.0% 68.8% 82.7% 100.0% Debt to Asset 42.7% 45.1% 43.5% 40.8% 45.3% TIE 10.2 11.2 18.0 26.0 25.3 Profitability GPM 6.3% 6.3% 6.9% 7.0% 6.9% 29.3% OPM 4.7% 4.6% 5.2% 5.5% 5.6% 6.1% NPM 4.3% 3.2% 3.9% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% ROCE 10.6% 10.8% 12.2% 12.9% 13.1% RATIO ANALYSIS The very objective of any business is to earn profits, thus financial strength plays a key role in its success. However, profit is not the only measure to assess the strength of the organization as many factors such as its ability to meet its obligations, its growth, its leverage and its efficiency of operations are some important factors in the process. (Brigham, 1998) Thus in order to better understand the Morrisons, not only the trend of the ratios will be considered but its current performance with respect to its industry will be considered as well. Liquidity The ratios of Morrisons indicate its lesser liquid position with a quick ratio that has hovered around 25% only since FY2008. Despite the assumption that Morrisons deals in an industry that prefers keeping large amount of stocks, even then the industrial average of 77% is 3.7 times larger than the 21% of Morrisons. Moreover, the current ratio which ignores the impact of inventory also suggests the same story which increased to 57% from the last year’s 55%, and still has remained considerably below the industry’s average of 95%. However, one may interpret such information in a positive manner as retail sector prefers low amount of cash to ensure minimum cash ly ing idle. Moreover, the size of Morrisons cannot be denied that allows it to stock large amounts of inventory on credit which only depicts the strength of the Morrisons than any liquidity crunch. (Brigham, 1998) Efficiency The efficiency ratios of Morrisons suggest an efficient system of operations. While asset turnover remained stable at 1.8 since last year, the inventory turnover posted a significant decline from 24 to 21.7, which was still better than

Residential Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Residential Schools - Research Paper Example The schools were formed for the purpose of educating but they ended up with devastating results due to their deviation from their goal of providing education. The residential schools run in Canada were mostly run by Christian missionaries. The residential schools are believed to play a negative role in the lives of many natives as these natives had been physically and sexually abused at many instances in the schools. This issue became highlighted after these acts were revealed by some of the natives. Moreover even some native leaders came ahead and spoke about the abuse that they had to face in these residential schools and their public statements further served to highlight this issue. This led to the formation of different commissions to look into the matter which included The Truth and Reconciliation Commission which was directed to find out more about the residential schools and as to how they affected the society in a negative or positive way (Austen 2008). This essay would furt her revolve around the purpose of these native schools and the impact that these residential schools left on the natives. Residential Schools The first known residential schools were basically initiated in North America and Canada. The primary role of the residential schools operating in Canada and North America was to inject the western culture into a society which was mostly unaware about it and thus it had the purpose of making the western culture dominant above the other cultures that were present in these countries. The schools were based on a scheme of removing children from their family’s influence at a very early age by making their enrollment compulsory in these schools so that they could not grasp much of their... This paper stresses that the Residential Schools faced from unhygienic conditions because of which the natives suffered from different kinds of diseases. Smallpox and tuberculosis were seen to be common in the natives who studied in these schools because of these conditions. They also paved a platform for the enmity between the natives and the government as they created a difference between the goals of the government and the goals of the natives. Moreover because of the lower budget allocated to these schools it was also seen that the natives had to face from the problem of clothing. This report makes a conclusion that the residential schools left a negative impact on the whole native society. The implementation of the scheme of residential schools proved to be a total failure and was presumably aimed at eradicating the culture of natives from the country. Snatching away the rights of the natives was a theme of the residential school scheme because of which many of the natives still suffer till date. After studying from the residential schools the natives are also seen to suffer from disorders such as the Residential Syndrome. The physical and sexual abuses suffered by many of the aboriginals have come forward in front of the world. A commission has been formed to find out everything about the residential schools and it is believed that the commission would soon be providing with its results. The impact that the residential schools brought to the natives was a negative one and many of the natives are still recovering from the incidents that they faced while study ing in these schools.

Chemical Welfare in War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemical Welfare in War - Essay Example A study on the wind patterns in the surrounding area had earlier on been undertaken by the German meteorologists to ascertain the most effective location to place the gas cylinders. The opponents of war-the French soldiers were never prepared to face this particular lethal weapon deployed by the German soldiers what immensely resulted in fatal deaths and casualties (Fitzgerald, 2008, p. 611-625). The main objective of the use of the chemical weapons by the German soldiers was to certainly weaken their opponents. There are particularly a number of gases deployed by the different opponents in World Wars depending on the harm these allies wished to inflict on their opponents. Teargas was the first chemical weapon to be used in the World War 1 (Fitzgerald, 2008, p. 611-625). Teargas a 26mm grenade full of the ethyl bromoacetate gas was first used by the French soldiers in 1911. The chemical weapon was later on adopted by the German soldiers who used it against the British soldiers. Mustard gas was popularly used by the German soldiers and perceived to be one of the most effective chemical weapons to have been used in the First World War (Fitzgerald, 2008, p. 611-625). Phosgene gas and the chlorine gas were also deployed by the different allies in World wars. The Phosgene gas and the chlorine gas are perceived to be more deadly for they resulted in more fatal consequences than the Mustard gas even when administered in small amounts. However, through the warring years, the mustard gas was declared the ‘king of Battle Gasses† following its ability to cause eye injuries, lung injuries and result into blisters that were very hard to treat(Fitzgerald, 2008, p. 624). This made the soldiers exposed to the gas keep off the battlefield for quite a long time.

Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economy - Essay Example tanding of how the economy is utilizing scarce resources, economists delve into classifications of GDP and its effects on the several forms of spending occurring in the country. The GDP is divided into four main components. These include consumption, investment, government purchases and net exports. All these components when added together equal the GDP. The relationship between GDP and its four components can be expressed in the form of an equation as follows: This equation represents an identity (Mankiw 208). This means that the variables of the equation are going to decide on the validity of the equation. In the equation, all sorts of expenditure that is done in the country are classified into either of the components of the GDP. The largest part of the GDP is consumption purchases and constituted 70% of the GDP in the US in 2007 (Mankiw 211). They entail the expenditure of the household on consumer goods and services in a particular period. Consumption purchases entail a flow concept (Gwartney et al. 153). The services and goods that the consumers opt for are mostly nondurable in nature. Expenditures done on food, clothing, entertainment and medical services are part of consumption purchases. These products are not very long-lasting and are used up in a short span of time. On the other hand, durable products such as cars form only one-ninth of the total consumption purchases and are used up over a long period of time. Investment entails the production of capital goods that are going to cause a flow of future services. They are not consumed over a short period of time and include the investments of companies into machineries and equipments as well as houses. Gross private investment can be carried out for the purpose of replacing old machinery or for adding net additions to the existing pool of capital assets (Gwartney et al. 153). Net investment is crucial in knowing the future scope of productivity of the economy. In 2007, they equaled to 15% of the GDP in

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Humanities - Essay Example In most occasions, the immigrants try as much as possible to expand their civilization and cultural practices into their new colony in order to dominate. Various factors contributed towards the occurrence and expansion of colonization in the world. For instance, most Europeans colonized Africa because of not only prestige, but also because of the fertility of Africa. As early as 15th century, the European nations were entering the industrialization phase, and as a result, they required raw materials for their industries. Psychological challenges also affected the Europeans significantly. This is evidenced by their pride; they believed that they were superior to other races, and as a result they colonized other races in the world. Lack of common religious practices in other parts of the world such as Africa also enhanced the movement of the Europeans into Africa. It was through this movement that the remote parts of Africa were colonized. However, countries were not colonized at one specific time; various parts in Africa for instance were colonized at different times and by different European nations. For instance, East Africa was colonized by the Germans, North Africa by the Portuguese, and the French and English colonized North America. The Germans started having their way into East Africa in early 1880s by first invading into Tanganyika. They later advanced to other East African nations, Burundi and Rwanda in early 1890s. They success in expansion in Africa was enhanced by the presence of the Catholic missionaries who claimed to educate, convert Africans as well as provide medical care to the natives of East Africa. Despite their exploitation of resources, the Germans also contributed significantly towards the development of East Africa’s economy. This is evidenced by their involvement not only in the planting of cash crops

Analysis of Financial Statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Financial Statements - Essay Example The suite that I choose for the ratio analysis was the Wagner suite. The reason I choose this suite was based on the fact that the suite provides better balance in comparison with the StuarMason. The StuartMason ratio suite places too much importance on sales turnover. The greatest weight in the Wagner suite goes to sales growth which is a great indicator of the progress the company has made through the passage of time. As far as the ratio analysis the company that rated better overall was Lambda. The profitability, sales turnover, liquidity, and capital structure of Lambda are superior. One of the few metrics in which Coral received a better rating was sales growth. The second analysis that was performed to compare the two businesses been considered for a joint venture was an analysis of the notes to the financial statements. The accounting practices of Lambda are more aligned with the requirements of Panorama. As far as inventory Lambda utilizes First In First Out inventory system (FIFO). FIFO provides advantages such as providing a more accurate valuation of the total inventory. Coral has some pending lawsuits yet to be resolved that could inhibit the financial status of the company in the future. Both companies are weak as far as its stock option disclosures due to the fact that they do not mention the actual amounts of stock options outstanding. The third analytic tool utilized in the simulation was an evaluation of the non-financial information of the company. The non financial metrics of the pair of companies seem to indicate that Lambda is a superior choice. Lambda has a lower employee turnover ratio which is a positive sign. A low employee turnover ration represents money savings since it reduces initial training expenses and it allows for a company to create value in the form of human capital. Lambda has a better array of products and higher revenues from the introduction of new products. Lambda

Literature- Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature- Poetry - Essay Example Easily understanding the conceptual metaphor that life is a journey, when applied to the poem, those who choose to look beyond the imagery determine that the poem is telling us that individuals should strive to follow their own path in life rather than attempting to follow the paths that have been mapped out for them by others. It isn’t bad advice, but it isn’t exactly what Frost had in mind. According to biographer Larry Finger (1978), Frost once told an audience, â€Å"You have to be careful of that one; it’s a tricky poem - very tricky† (478) when referring to â€Å"The Road Not Taken.† While the conceptual metaphor still applies, a close reading of the textual cues of the poem indicate that Frost is not recommending which road should be selected, only providing a warning that, once selected, it is impossible to know what might have been missed had one followed the other way. Generally speaking, a conceptual metaphor is defined as a metaphor â€Å"that is so basic in the way people think about something that they fail to perceive that it is a metaphor† (â€Å"Conceptual Metaphor†, 2007). It is an idea that is brought forward by Lakoff and Johnson that illustrates that this connection is made at such a deep level that it cannot be avoided. â€Å"Lakoff and Johnson revealed, through theoretical argument supported by empirical investigation, the centrality of metaphor to thought exemplified in the ubiquity of metaphorical forms in everyday, conventional language† (Bailey, 2003). In other words, it is the means by which we are able to discuss our ideas and beliefs with others, which requires a shared language and cultural base and serves as a means by which we define ourselves. â€Å"Accordingly, we talk about things the way we conceive of them, and this is fashioned through and grounded in experience and culture: our basic conceptual s ystem ‘is fundamentally

Acedemic Dishonesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acedemic Dishonesty - Essay Example When I had to choose between doing the right thing and turning in someone else’s work, I made the wrong decision by letting the pressure to succeed get the best of me. I very much wish I could go back to that night to remind myself why I am here in the first place: to get an education and prepare myself for a meaningful career. When I submitted someone else’s work, not only did I go against my goals, but I also betrayed this community’s trust. While I very much wish that I had not committed this offense, it has given me an opportunity to reflect on my goals, and realize that my actions are not always aligned with my beliefs. The realization of this inconsistency is the first step towards figuring out what steps I need to take to help me remain true to my beliefs and my goals. To avoid a situation like this in the future, I first of all must stay on top of my school work. Part of what clouded my judgment in the first place was the fact that I let myself fall behind in my coursework. I must work on my time management skills, and plan ahead so that I have sufficient time to complete all assignments without ever feeling the desperation I felt when I made the decision to turn in another student’s work as my own.

Does the Way Sherriff Presents Stanhope Encourage You Essay Example for Free

Does the Way Sherriff Presents Stanhope Encourage You Essay The character of Stanhope is introduced by the other characters in the play before he makes his entrance. Hardy is the Captain of another company that is about to leave the front line, and Osborne is Stanhope’s second in command. They both discuss Stanhope’s personality. Stanhope is introduced by these two characters before he comes into the play. This dramatic device is used by R. C Sheriff, is to build up the suspense before his entrance. It makes the audience want to see what Stanhope is actually like. Captain Dennis Stanhope is one of the most important characters in the play. R. C Sheriff uses him to show the struggles and strains of life in the front line. He presents him as a brave character, a character to be admired, however, not all the time. In the play we learn very little of Dennis Stanhopes character as a man, but much more of his character as a soldier. One reason for this is that he is the commander of ‘Infantry Company C’, thus has to appear strong, composed and above all, in charge–all the time. He feels that he must be very dedicated to his work and present a stern but fair front to the rest of the men. It is important for him to do this as he has only been a commander for a year and is relatively young, as he is just 21 years old. Another reason why we see very little of his character as just a man, is that he has been fighting in the war for a long time ‘Nearly three years. He came out straight from school– when he was eighteen’. This has hardened him and he is much more used to the war as an everyday reality, and because of this he has found ways to cope with the stress and horror of war. He uses drink to forget about his life at home and the atrocious war surrounding him. He relies on drink, a lot. He drinks almost all the six bottles of whisky they brought with them in just three days, ‘The last bottle! Why, damn it, we brought six! ’ He is able to admit to his drinking problems and why it is that he drinks so much: ‘If I went up those steps into the front line– without being doped with whisky– Id go mad with fright’. His drinking is no secret, all the men are aware of it and accept it, some of them even joke about it, ‘How is the dear young boy? Drinking like a fish, as usual? ’ I think this makes the audience feel more at ease with Stanhope, as throughout Journey’s End he is a regimented character. The audience realises everyone has weaknesses, even Stanhope, a company-commander. The way Stanhope handles the arrival of Raleigh and his letters shows how much stress he is under. Stanhope is under the impression that Raleigh will write badly of him in his letters to his sister, Madge. He is very wary of Raleigh and is very concerned Raleigh will say bad things about him (as Stanhope and Madge are ‘unofficially engaged’). He doesn’t want him to tell her how ‘He reeks of whisky all day’. He doesn’t think that he’s ‘A damned little swine whod deceive his sister. ’ As a result of this, he decides to censor Raleighs letters. When he eventually gets to read the letter to Madge from Raleigh, he is rather embarrassed to find that the aggravation he has caused was about nothing, and Raleighs letter was solely full of praise for Stanhope. This is definitely a part in the play where there is a comprehension needed for the audience’s liking of Stanhope. â€Å"But I tell you – there’s nothing – Dennis – I’m –† (Raleigh), Stanhope’s response is certainly not sympathetic: â€Å"Don’t ‘Dennis’ me! Stanhope’s my name! You’re not at school! Go and inspect your rifles! † However there is another aspect to at it from, this showing of temper doesn’t necessarily make the audience think any less of Stanhope. It can make him seem more human, not everyone’s always perfect. We can understand why he has done this to an extent because of the enormous amount of stress he is under. After Osborne reads those letters, Stanhope appears to be very remorseful – he lowers his head, pauses, murmurs, finally walking off – hastily. This letter is an insight to what the men really think of him. ‘Then I went on duty in the front line and a sergeant told me all about Dennis. He said that Dennis is the finest officer in the battalion and the men simply love him. ’ Bear in mind there are roughly one-thousand two-hundred soldiers in a battalion and for Stanhope to be considered the best; this really shows Stanhope’s character. He’s not just hero-worshiped by Raleigh; he’s hero-worshiped by most of his men. He then writes, ‘He hardly ever sleeps in the dug-out; he’s always up in the front line with the men, cheering them on with jokes, and making them keen about things, like he did the kids at school. ’ This letter conveys nothing, but good about Stanhope. It portrays him as a determined, supportive, and sympathetic character – I don’t think that can be taken away from him. I think R. C Sheriff has done a superb job at making Captain Stanhope a character to be admired; he uses both subtle and powerful devices to make it clear what Stanhope is like and he is clearly an admirable character. There are possibly some parts of this play which could change one’s attitude toward Stanhope, but mainly due to him drinking. His drinking habits are to blame. But his personality never changes. He’ll always stay determined, disciplined and supportive of his men. To conclude, I think R. C Sherriff has used to Stanhope to show the struggles and strains of life in the front line. He presents him as a brave character, a character to be admired – a true war hero!

Japanese American internment of 1942 Essay Example for Free

Japanese American internment of 1942 Essay The Japanese American internment which took place during the second world war referred to the relocation and confinement of over 100,000 people who were Japanese Americans or nationals of Japan. These people were taken to housing facilities which were commonly known as the war relocation camps. This internment was carried out selectively in the United States with most of those who were interned being individuals who were living in the west coast of the country. This operation of forceful internment of the Japanese American people was carried out during the reign of the then president of United States Franklin Roosevelt. He authorized this operation using the executive order 9066 which gave the military leaders power to change military areas to exclusion places where all individuals living in them had to be removed. Using this order, the military declared that individuals who were Japanese or who had ancestry connection with the Japanese were to be excluded especially in the pacific coast. This included those who were living in Oregon, Washington and in California. This order however exempted the individuals who were living in the internment camps (McClellan, pp 23). Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II? During the Second World War, the Japanese had formed an alliance with the Nazi’s of Germany thus posing great security risk to the United States. War panic thus broke especially after the Japanese attacked and bombed the Pearl Harbor. During this period also, there were so many Japanese and Japanese Americans who had settled in America following unsustainable population growth in Japan. Some of these Japanese and Japanese Americans had joined the American army thus pledging allegiance to the United States. However, due to the fact that Japan was an enemy, there was panic that the Japanese Americans who were serving in the American army could aid the enemies. Confining them was thus necessary to ensure that there were no cases of treason thus defeat of the United States and its alliances during the war against the Nazis (Kelly, Para 4). One of the major reasons which led to the Japanese American intern was the Pearl Harbor attack which took place in 1941. This made the United States to believe that the Japanese had prepared to fully attack the west coast. This believes intensified after the attack of shelling in 1942 which was a submarine belonging to the oil refinery of California. Japanese military conquest in most of Asia during that time also made United States to conclude that Japanese were unstoppable and that they could attack the country. Since most of the Japanese Americans were living in the west coast, they were considered a security risk thus there was a need to confine them to the internment camps. The fear of the attack thus led to the ultimate internment of the Japanese American people during the Second World War (Japan-101. com, Para 6). Another reason which led to the internment of the Japanese American people during the Second World War was due to what was referred to as the magic codes of the Japanese. During this period, the united states were unable to break the Japanese naval codes which were vital in enabling Americans obtain information regarding the Japanese ciphers. Military advisors argued that in case the Japanese naval decided to change those codes, America would not be able to break them again especially due to the language barriers which existed. The United States argued that by confining and prosecuting some of the Japanese Americans, these people could reveal some of the information regarding the Japanese ciphers. The effort of Americans to break the codes was generally referred to as â€Å"magic†. Breaking these codes was vital because battle of midway which Americans had won was attributed to the successful breaking of the Japanese codes (McClellan, pp 45). Some of the Japanese Americans were acting as spies for the Japanese naval which made the confinement of the Japanese Americans necessary. The spy ring which was a Japanese spying group increased the apprehension of the Americans concerning their security. The Nihau incident was one example of treason and espionage. This incident occurred after the attack of the Pearl Harbor. During this attack, two Japanese Americans were reported to have freed a Japanese pilot who had been captured and they also helped him in attacking the native Hawaiians who were living in that area. Such incidences led to the internment of the Japanese Americans as they were assisting the enemies of the country thus posing greater risks to the security of United States. Some of the Japanese American population was disloyal to the government of United States and this was a major threat to the Americans especially during the war period. To ensure that all the spies were not in any contact with the Japanese naval, internment was hence the means thus it was carried out (Japan-101. com, Para 8). The issue of interment revolved around prejudice and fear which American people had against the Japanese Americans. A report which suggested that espionage by the Japanese Americans had led to the Pearl Harbor attack only served to increase the prejudice which was already held by the American people. After this report California newspapers also endorsed this move of mass evacuation thus making the operation more successful. The then American politicians also openly supported this move thus making it more successful. The sentiments that the Americans held against the Japanese Americans thus aided in the internment operation. Other non military reasons which led to the internment of the Japanese Americans especially from the west coast included the competition which these people had brought to that area especially in the agricultural sector. During this period, the white farmers did not like the farmers who were Japanese Americans though this was mostly triggered by self interests. The Japanese Americans had brought high competition in this region especially in farming and as such, the white farmers thought that internment was a good avenue of ensuring that the Japanese were permanently removed from this area thus reducing competition in the farming sector. This was however not based on racial discrimination but the threat the Japanese were posing on white farmers (Japan-101. com, Para 11). It is also argued xenophobia also contributed greatly to the Japanese American interment. During the Second World War, Japan had gained considerable power while the United States had become weaker in military terms. By the fact that Japan had formed alliances with Germany and Italy, and the subsequent recession of the United States power, this threatened the superiority of the United States. Need to remain in control led America to declare the exclusion laws for all the persons who were being viewed as enemy aliens thus reducing any possibility of the Nazis winning. By concentration the Japanese Americans and interning the soldiers and others who were being regarded as enemy aliens, this reduced the purported threat of collapse of the superpower or attack by the Japanese. This also was meant to ensure that the Japanese never got to know the military operations of the Americans (Campbell, Para 3). Reasons which contributed to the Japanese American internment included racial prejudices which were widely held by the Americans against the Japanese and also flaws in the then constitution and the administrators. Today most people argue that the correct name for this operation could have been confinement rather than internment since this operation was not meant to punish the people but to ensure that no acts of treason were being carried out. However, this was a violation of human rights and the United States after the Second World War closed all the internment camps and most of the survivors were compensated. Also, in 1988, the then president of the United States apologized on behalf of the country to Japanese Americans who had gone through the internment (Kelly, Para 9). Conclusion The Japanese American internment continues to raise many questions about its validity and legality especially because most of the intermitted persons were innocent and not â€Å"alien enemies†. Although the government of the United States justifies its acts owing to the security threats which the Japanese were posing to it, these claims have been refuted saying that the threats were not real and that their magnitudes were highly magnified. Despite the flaws of the Japanese American internment of the Second World War, this period forms an important part of the American and the Japanese history. Work Cited: Campbell, Jason J. : Xenophobia and the Internment of Japanese-Americans. (2009). Retrieved on 27th March 2009 from, http://blogcritics. org/archives/2009/03/03/072730. php. Japan-101. com: Japanese American Internment Removal of Japanese and Japanese Americans during WW II. Retrieved on 27th March 2009 from, http://www. japan-101. com/history/japanese_american_internment. htm. Kelly, Martin: Japanese-American Internment at Manzanar during World War II. Retrieved on 27th March 2009 from, http://americanhistory. about. com/cs/worldwarii/a/internment. htm. McClellan, Jim R. : Changing Interpretations of Americas Past: Changing Interpretations of Americas Past, Volume 2. (1999). Published by McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0072285060

Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay

Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay In this report I will discuss Mental health and community care, I will look at the historical context of community care taking into consideration policies and that stemmed it and competing ideological perspectives that that has impacted on it. I will further look at its benefits and shortfalls since its implementation taking into accounts the impact of the 1990 NHS Community Care Act and current reforms. Finally I will discuss the process of poverty and social exclusion which affects some of these people who have been discharged home as a result. History of Community Care and Objectives Dobson (1998) stated that Care in the community represented the major political change in mental healthcare in the history of the National Health Service (NHS) It was the result both of social changes and political expediency and a movement away from the isolation of the mentally ill in old Victorian asylums towards their integration into the community (Goffman 1961). The aim was to normalise the mentally ill and to remove the stigma of a condition that is said to afflict one in four of the British population at some time in their lives. The main push towards community care as we know it today came in the 1950s and 1960s, an era which saw a sea change in attitude towards the treatment of the mentally ill and a rise in the patients rights movement, tied to civil rights campaigns. The 1959 Mental Health Act abolished the distinction between psychiatric and other hospitals and encouraged the development of community care. According to Goffman, (1961) historically, people who were designated as having a mental illness lived in confined institutional environments for years and had limited expectations for returning to the community. Community care is used to describe the various services available to help individuals manage their physical and mental health problems in the community which is the British policy for deinstitutionalisation. Duane (2003) defined deinstitutionalisation as process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with mental disorder or developmental disability. These services include, for example, nursing or social work support, home help, day centres, counselling and supported accommodation. The Department of Health expresses the need to promote the development of a personal health plan of individuals, based on who they are, what they want and what their circumstances are. According to DoH, Health is linked to the way people live their lives and the opportunities available to choose health in the communities where they live. There have been major improvements in health and life expectancy over the last century and on the most basic measures, people are living longer than ever before (DoH report, 2005). Rogers A and Pilgrim D (2001) stated that the ideological commitment to community care was associated with vague idea of achieving an ideal society, prior to it being effected as a practical reality. Similarly Titmuss in the 1960s suggested that the notion of community care invented a sense of warmth and human kindness, essentially personal and comforting Titmuss (1968). This early positive view emphasised the idea of leaving the disabling environment of the institution behind and ushering in the enabling possibilities of ordinary living. According to Bulmer (1989), the first use of community care was in the part of mental health, as understanding developed of the negative consequences of institutionalizing mental patients in hospitals, and to discharge the ex-patients and mental handicap hospitals, and to discharge the ex-patients into the community, where they would live in hostel-type accommodation or in their own homes and be cared for by a mixture of professional and personal carers, particularly in day centres and by nursing staff on the one hand and by members of their own families on the other. Community care in the past has always been a mixed economy, financed by both the state and by user charges and provided by voluntary sector organization, commercial, for-profit organization, the state and the family. Alan Walker (1982, 1989) and Roy Parker (1990) have specifically addressed the problem of defining community care and have pointed out that it has been very easy for one persons community care to be anothers institutional care. Community care has been a mixture of policies. To the health service any provision outside the NHS equals community care, therefore institution run by local authorities constitute community care. The mixed economy of community care during the 1960s left wing academics, notably Peter Townsend (1962), made moving request for the deinstitutionalization of elderly and mentally ill people, whereas Titmuss (1968) has already sounded a note of caution when he referred to the way in which the term community care conjured up a sense of warmth and human kindness. All this assumed the main provider of community care to be the state. In some ways, the idea of community care in mental health ran counter to the dominate trend within the NHS after 1948, which until recently, was centralised and hospital-dominated. Bulmer (1989) similarly emphasised that in recent years community care has broad meaning including the goal of providing comprehensive outreach, day and residential services and support for ordinary facilities within the locality. In principal at least community care now extends to social inclusion and the promotion of assess to facilities used by other people living in the community and the right and responsibility of participation in local community acitivties. According to Pilgrim (2001) when the Labour government came to power in 1997, it announced the need for rapid reform of mental health services based on the impression or evidence that care in the community has failed. In 1998, the Health Secretary, Frank Dobson, stated that discharging people from institutions has brought benefits to some. But it has left many vulnerable patients to try and cope on their own. Others have been left to become a danger to themselves and a nuisance to others. A small but significant minority have become a danger to the public as well as themselves. Mind, along with many others, disagreed with the statement that community care had failed. These were based on concerns about control of risky behaviour which led to the spokes enquiry following the killing of a social worker (Isablel Shwartz) in 1984 by patient Sharon Campbell in Bexley Hospital. These were some of the limitations of care discovered and led to recommendation about post-discharge case management DHSS (1998). The report similarly noted the lack of any requirement on the part of services to identify vulnerable patients or provide individualised care plans, and for agencies with responsibilities for mental health to work together. The inquiry into the care of Christopher Clunis was also another reason why the community care needed a reform. Rogers and Pilgrim (2001) explained that inquiry examined the manner in which services failed to respond adequately to Christopher Clunis, a young black man With a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia who stabbed a stranger (Jonathan Zito) at Finsbury Park underground station. This highlighted a number of problems why the Labour government called for the reform of the community care policy because of the inadequate support for in the community with severe mental health problems. In 1999 The Government published the  National Service Framework [NSF] for mental health modern standards and service models for England. The NSF spelled out national standards for mental health services, what they aimed to achieve, how they should be developed and delivered, and how performance would be measured in every part of the country.(DoH Community care is the support by informal and formal carers of the elderly, the disabled and the mentally disordered groups in the community who are usually in their own homes rather than in institutions. According to Bulmer(1989)the ideas with which community care came about is due to the mixture of sociological propositions about the nature of modern community life, including personal ties between relative, friends, and neighbours. The Griffiths Report: Community Care: Agenda for Action Margaret Thatcher invited Sir Roy Griffiths to produce a report on the problems of the NHS. This report was influenced by the ideology of managerialism. That is it was influenced by the idea that problems could be solved by management. According to the report, Griffiths firmly believed that many of the problems facing the Welfare State were caused by the lack of strong effective leadership and management. Because of this previous work, which was greatly admired by the Prime Minister, Griffiths was asked to examine the whole system of community care. In 1988 he produced a report or a Green Paper called Community Care: Agenda for Action, also known as The Griffiths Report. Griffiths intended this plan to sort out the mess in no-mans land. That is the grey area between health and social services. This area included the long term or continuing care of dependent groups such as older people, disabled and the mentally ill. Basically he was saying that community care was not working because no one wanted to accept the responsibility for community care. Community Care: Agenda for Action made six key recommendations for action: Minister of State for Community Care to ensure implementation of the policy it required ministerial authority. Local Authorities should have key role in community care. i.e. Social Work / Services departments rather than Health have responsibility for long term and continuing care. Health Boards to have responsibility for primary and acute care. Specific grant from central government to fund development of community care. Specified what Social Service Departments should do: assess care needs of locality, set up mechanisms to assess care needs of individuals, on basis of needs design flexible packages of care to meet these needs Promote the use of the Independent sector: this was to be achieved by social work departments collaborating with and making maximum use of the voluntary and private sector of welfare. Social Services should be responsible for registration and inspection of all residential homes whether run by private organisations or the local authority. The majority of long term care was already being provided by Social Services, but Griffiths idea was to put community nursing staff under the control of local authority rather than Health Boards. This never actually happened. The Griffiths Report on Community Care seemed to back local government whereas, the health board reforms in the same period, actually strengthened central government control. rewor According to the Mind, In 1989 the government published its response to the Griffiths Report in the White Paper Caring for People. It set out a framework for changes to community care, which included a new funding structure for social care. This would mark the beginning of the purchaser/provider split whereby social services departments were encouraged to purchase services provided by the independent sector. The report promoted the development of domiciliary, day care and respite services to enable people to live as independently as possible in their own homes. Other objectives included quality initiatives around assessment of need and case management. Carers needs were addressed by prioritising practical support initiatives for them. The next decade saw a dramatic increase in the number of voluntary and private sector service providers. The impact of the community care reforms The community care reforms outlined in the 1990 Act have been in operation since April 1993 Glennester, (1996).They have been evaluated but no clear conclusions have been reached. A number of authors have been highly critical of the reforms. Hadley and Clough (1996) claim the reforms have created care in chaos (Hadley and Clough 1996) They claim the reforms have been inefficient, unresponsive, offering no choice or equity. Other authors however, are not quite so pessimistic. Means and Smith (1998) claim that the reforms: introduced a system that is no better than the previous more bureaucratic systems of resource allocation were an excellent idea, but received little understanding or commitment from social services as the lead agency in community care the enthusiasm of local authorities was undermined by vested professional interests, or the service legacy of the last forty years health services and social services workers have not worked well together and there have been few multidisciplinary assessments carried out in reality little collaboration took place except at senior management level the reforms have been undermined by chronic underfunding by central government the voluntary sector was the main beneficiary of this attempt to develop a mixed economy of care The Care Programme Approach (CPA ) According to Rogers and Pilgrim (2001) there was a light with the introduction of the Care Programme Approach in 2001. It introduced an attempt to improve and standardise the delivery of community care services. The CPA set out a practice framework for health authorities in England, giving guidance on how they should fulfil their duties as laid out in the National Health Service (NHS) and Community Care Act 1990. The programme contained four key elements namely, Arrangement for assessing the health and social needs of recipients of specialist mental health services, The regular use of care plan that identified which provider was responsible for different aspects of a persons care Key worker who would monitor and co-ordinate care for the individual Regular review and if appropriate changes to the care plan. Through the introduction of the CPA, patients identified at risk have been required to be kept on supervision register (DH, 1995). The idea was that all patients in contact with services would be subject to CPA but that some require greater scrutiny and service input. Pilgrim et al stated that the Labour government inherited this method in 1997 and continued to endorse it as the mainstay of good quality community-based management for people with mental health disorder, despite the concept of community care being problematic by health ministers and controversial cases such as that of Christopher Clunis. Social inclusion Social exclusion occurs when,  marginalised by society, people are not able  play a full and  equal part in their community.  Many people who experience mental distress experience stigma and discrimination, and live in poverty. They may find it hard to find adequate housing or access employment. The net result is that people can become seriously isolated and excluded from social and working life. Following the publication of the Social Exclusion Units (SEU) report into mental health and social exclusion, the National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE) have been charged with implementing the 27 action points listed in the SEU report. NIMHE are working on a number of policy areas including employment, education, social networks, housing and homelessness, direct payments, income and benefits. (DoH 1998)

Essay --

GMOs or GI Joes When I first began my research of GMOs, the name always reminded me of GI Joes. Well soon after learning what GMOs, were I quickly found out that the two have no relation. Now as I briefly enlighten you about GMOs, I would like for you to imaging a world where there is no longer starving people. Super powers and third world countries have the technology and the ability to feed its people. This may sound like a fairytale, but the technology is here at our fingertips for us to grasp onto and use. For centuries, man has found ways to manipulate nature and to select crops for more desirable traits. If society were to stumble across a technology that would further advance these selections, it could quite possibly and significantly reduce the number of starving and malnourished people in the world while at the same time benefit the producers. â€Å"The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimate that farmers will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to meet the needs of the world's expected 9-billion-strong population. That amounts to one billion tons more wheat, rice and other cereals.† Less than one per cent of the American population is responsible for growing and harvesting all of the food for this country alone. The demand overseas for American produce varies depending upon the product, but overall exceeds the supply. On the forefront of this worldwide embittering battle to end world hunger and provide cost-effective medicine, society has stumbled across the a nswer known as biotechnology and genetically engineered organisms. In the end, we shall see that the benefits outweigh the negatives. For a number of years now the United States has been the mainstay in the push for biotechnology research and testing... ...advancement has been disproved or legitimately refuted. Of the remaining positions, there are sensible alternatives. In order to protect innocent victims of allergies from blindly consuming potentially toxic elements, producers could label genetically altered products with the added contents. As for the scientific arguments, these have been in place for centuries from the dawn of time. If society has not found an answer to them yet, then certainly they pose no immediate risk and are overshadowed by the potential benefits. In the end, Dennis Avery best describes how the public should react to biotechnology. â€Å"The big truth is that there is no inherent danger from biotechnology, in either food or medicine. We should take the modest risks of researching these powerful technologies because they have the potential to save millions of human lives and our habitats.† Essay -- GMOs or GI Joes When I first began my research of GMOs, the name always reminded me of GI Joes. Well soon after learning what GMOs, were I quickly found out that the two have no relation. Now as I briefly enlighten you about GMOs, I would like for you to imaging a world where there is no longer starving people. Super powers and third world countries have the technology and the ability to feed its people. This may sound like a fairytale, but the technology is here at our fingertips for us to grasp onto and use. For centuries, man has found ways to manipulate nature and to select crops for more desirable traits. If society were to stumble across a technology that would further advance these selections, it could quite possibly and significantly reduce the number of starving and malnourished people in the world while at the same time benefit the producers. â€Å"The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimate that farmers will have to produce 70% more food by 2050 to meet the needs of the world's expected 9-billion-strong population. That amounts to one billion tons more wheat, rice and other cereals.† Less than one per cent of the American population is responsible for growing and harvesting all of the food for this country alone. The demand overseas for American produce varies depending upon the product, but overall exceeds the supply. On the forefront of this worldwide embittering battle to end world hunger and provide cost-effective medicine, society has stumbled across the a nswer known as biotechnology and genetically engineered organisms. In the end, we shall see that the benefits outweigh the negatives. For a number of years now the United States has been the mainstay in the push for biotechnology research and testing... ...advancement has been disproved or legitimately refuted. Of the remaining positions, there are sensible alternatives. In order to protect innocent victims of allergies from blindly consuming potentially toxic elements, producers could label genetically altered products with the added contents. As for the scientific arguments, these have been in place for centuries from the dawn of time. If society has not found an answer to them yet, then certainly they pose no immediate risk and are overshadowed by the potential benefits. In the end, Dennis Avery best describes how the public should react to biotechnology. â€Å"The big truth is that there is no inherent danger from biotechnology, in either food or medicine. We should take the modest risks of researching these powerful technologies because they have the potential to save millions of human lives and our habitats.†

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Global Organic Production Essay

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Global Organic Production Although organic production as an entity is controversial, it is gaining momentum across the world in terms of sales. Organic foods have become more popular as people become more concerned about what it is they are consuming. This increased demand for organic products has lead to organic production on a global scale. With an increase in global organic production have come many benefits both economically and environmentally. Organic agriculture's aim is, 'to augment ecological processes that foster plant nutrition yet conserve soil and water resources. Organic systems eliminate agrochemicals and reduce other external inputs to improve the environment and farm economics' (Pimental, et al). Organic production is not only beneficial to the population as a whole but to the small time farmers who are attempting to survive in a capitalist world. In the U.S., 'National Organic Standards Program prohibits the use of synthetic chemicals, genetically modified organisms, and sewage sludge in organically certified production' (Pimental, et al). These types of eliminations mean less costs and more environmental benefits. Organic production is a step towards self-sustainable farming. As this movement spreads across the world, sales continue to climb with a higher demand for organic products. This demand creates a larger profit margin making it a logical move for small farmers to switch to organic production. ?Organic food sales total more than $7 billion per year and are growing at double-digit rates? (Pimental, et al). When farmers begin to think in terms of profit instead of yield, organic production becomes a viable move. Farmers benefit from this style of agricul... ...thout damage to the land or through killing off key species in the ecological web. The globalization of organic production provides hope for the future through the sustainability of the small farmer and the environment. An increase in profit margins will allow farmers who are struggling to survive against big corporations an edge. For the environment, this means sustainability of soil and biodiversity. It also means the elimination of chemicals that are harming water sources and the health of people. In the end, the globalization of organic production is a beneficial move whether organic foods are better for people or not. Works Cited Pimental, David; Hepperly, Paul; Hanson, James; Douds, David; and Seidel, Rita. ?Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems?. Vol. 55 No. 7. BioScience, July 2005.

The Red Curtain Trilogy by Baz Lurhmann Essay -- Papers

The Red Curtain Trilogy by Baz Lurhmann On The Red Curtain Trilogy, which were all directed by Baz Lurhmann, all of the films began with red curtains opening up like in a theatre to 'reveal' the film. In 'Strictly Ballroom' the scene opens with silhouettes of the main characters dancing, waiting for a performance to start (?) then walking excitedly onto screen which starts the movie. For 'Romeo & Juliet' the opening shot is a lot more fast and furious. The film begins with a plain black screen, then a television screen appears. the television screen, that is showing a news report, appears and draws closer to the viewer. The reporter is reciting the prologue of the play. Accelerated scenes from the film are shown, with words and sentences in red lettering from the prologue, this scene reminds me of a trailer for a film. The story then starts, showing both families of the story, their traits and portrays the friction between the Montagues and Capulets. For Moulin Rouge, when the red curtain begins to open, a conductor appears and begins conducting the music for the film, to give a feel of being at a theatre. Then the town where Moulin Rouge is set is introduced to us, and the main character is introduced, and then begins to tell the story. The Music in 'Strictly Ballroom' for the opening sequence is slow, quiet calming music, but as it becomes closer to the actual beginning of the film, the music becomes louder and more extravagant, and then for the 'salsa' scene the music is very jazzy and upbeat. The music for this film is very well done because it portrays exactly what is happening on the screen at the time. The Music is mor... ...gant things which you would never see at theatres. I think my favourite opening would be the one for Romeo and Juliet. The opening is fast paced and has bright colours. It contains scenes form the film which seems to pull the viewer in to watching the film. The films differ from each other as well, as Strictly ballroom begins with red curtains opening to the beginning of the film. Romeo and Juliet decided to not use the Red curtain theme, although because it is based on a play, there was already a feeling of 'red curtain' (play) about it. Moulin rouge used the red curtain idea and extended it by showing the conductor which you would see at a theatre or musical, which Moulin rouge was intending to be. Overall, I think the openings for the Baz Lurhmann Trilogy are gripping and make you want to see the rest of the film.

Taboos: Cultures

In the world we live in there are multiple taboos. Depending on your culture, religion and beliefs many strange and bizarre things are completely normal to some people and even animals throughout the world. Taboos are what people find to be strange and unusual practices or what unique things people may do or eat in different parts of the world. Different cultures would consider strange things to eat as a delicacy in some areas or cultures and wouldn’t even dream of being eaten in other cultures. Sometimes they could even be forbidden or illegal by certain beliefs. Some religious taboos even reach to the extreme of whether or not to wear clothing. Cultures in different parts of the world believe in living in a non urban life style and not wearing any clothing, which is considered a nudist colony. Different taboos are accepted in parts of the world for traditional reasons, cultural beliefs and a variety of religion beliefs. In some parts of the world, people or cultures enjoy very different foods and consider these delicacies. In some cultures they hunt for their food. These cultures never waste any part of the animal’s body. All of the animal’s body parts are edible to them. They will even eat all the organs of the animal. These cultures actually believe that certain organs are aphrodisiacs. These delicacies are very rare and hard to locate. This is the reason why they are considered a delicacy and are so expensive. Some different examples, I found interesting in cultures throughout the world: They would include people eating insects anyway you can imagine. However, you would never find these in an American restaurant. Another is in some areas rats are like field animals and people eat them like they are a squirrel or rabbit. American on the other hand thinks that rats are dirty and disgusting animals. This is because they live in filth in city sewage and garbage dumps. Also, rats carry multiple diseases. In other countries the rats live in fields, eat grass and seeds. The rats are raised in a very different environment in other countries. The rats are sold at local village markets. Manifest functions and dysfunctions are conscious and deliberate, the latent ones the unconscious and unintended and unrecognizable. I realize that these cultures taboos are to survive and this is why they don’t waste anything. In some cultures and countries this is always the case because look at America. In our country people take advantage of just having money and being able to go buy whatever they want. Many people in our country waste things including foods. They wouldn’t even dream of eating organs or insects. They buy their food and when finished most people throw the leftovers in the garbage. Without even thinking twice about it and in other countries people and children don’t even get one meal a day let alone 3 or 4 snacks whenever they want them. Manifest functions are the consequences that people observe or expect and the latent functions are those that are neither recognized nor intended. A latent function of a behavior is not explicitly stated, recognized, or intended by the people involved. So many of these cultures are actually latent because these taboos are very important to them for the fact of survival not as a delicacy as some rich people looking for these types of foods. They hunt because they have to in order to survive. Along with eating every part of the animal because wasting any part on the animal will be less food for them to eat, especially since they may not find more food for a day or maybe a few. In my opinion, I feel that to these cultures or religions taboos are very positive to them. Because they use their surroundings and the earth to survive and they don’t waste anything because they appreciate that they actually do have whatever food they caught for that day or week. Some cultures even use the rest of the animal such as fur and bones to make things.

The Adventures of Hucklberry Finn Satire

The author, Mark duet, occasions banter against religion, authorities, wads ignorance, and familiarity in general. Throughout the novel, we meet wad whose live were ruined by alcoholism. huckabacks father is a boozy, ignominious father and yoke satirizes the consumption of alcohol and the effects it has on people. huck quotes, boob he hadnt been enamorn for more than than a year, and that was comfortable for me I didnt loss to see him no more.He used to ceaselessly whale me when he was sober and could annoy his hands on me (13) Twain is satirizing drunken adults and what it does to their kids and the people surrounding them. huckabacks father also had opinions of his own. Oh yes this is a tremendous govment, wonderful. Why looky here, there was a shift nigger there from Ohio (35) Mark Twain quotes Pap to satirize both the government and racism. Pap represents the close-minded, southern whites and how they felt nigh free blacks.He mocks how the government has out lawed slavery in the northern states and how the southern states couldnt do anything near it. Slavery was some other issue that Twain touched on. He enters the bitter realm of social sarcasm and their beliefs on the issue of free slaves, almost to the point where it was unethical. A moment captured in chapter 16 describes when huck realized how real the consequence of the situation was. Well whats the use of learning to do right when its hard to do right and it aint no difficulty to do wrong, and the wages is just the equal? (116) He ascertains guilty for helping Jim to freedom, just realizes that if he turned Jim in, he would feel just the same. He mocks the society for accept that it was so evil to help slaves to freedom. by and by the flusht with the King and the Duke with the Wilks, Huck is joyous to see Jim Of course when they got to snoring we had a long gabble, and I told Jim everything (188). Twain shows that Jim should subscribe a better life than to be sepa rated from his wife and children he loves, and to be forced to work for people who gangrene him.Through his use of ridicule, Twain illustrates the major themes of the novel. deal at that time treated servants terribly. Huck himself was racist when Miss Watson asks if anybody got hurt and Huck replies No maam just a nigger (34). Fin lonesome(prenominal)y, the use of racist spoken language throughout the book showed how Jim and slaves were treated. The people that they get by in contact see zip fastener more than a servant of Jim. When gobbler has a theory as to the content of the word ransomed without any doubts, all of the boys agree with this meaning of the word. But peraps if we find them trough theyre ransomed, it means that we keep them till theyre dead. (12) In this segment of the novel, Twain uses raillery to demonstrate that even though something may be truly wrong, if subtlety or society adopts it to be true, indeed it is believed. Religion is whiz of the key victims of Twains sarcasm throughout the novel. This satire is no more app arnt then when Hucks guardian, the Widow Douglas, preaches to him about Moses.Huck didnt think very much of her chide Here she was a-bothering about Moses, which was no cognate to her, and no use to anybody, being gone, you see (3) Twain uses Huck to exhibit his remonstrance to the faith that civilized society places towards religion. During Huck and Jims journey, they encounter two men who list to themselves as the Duke and the King. These characters make their living by swindling people out of their money. When they are at long last caught, they pay for their sins by being tarred and feathered.Huck expresses his thoughts on the subject by saying it was a dreadful thing to see. Human beings faeces be awful cruel to one another. (294) through this event, Twain shows that crooks and criminals arent the only ones that can be cruel. The crowd that considers themselves to be civilized and opposing cruel a cts when rattling they commit such acts themselves. The chapters on the over-embellished Nonesuch are the climax of satire in this story. First Twain presents Hamlets soliloquy, which even in its first lines, To be, or not to be that is the bare bodkin/ that makes incident of so long life (pg. 132), understandably shows his readership that though the con-men and townspeople know adequate to have heard of Shakespeare and even describe some lines, , for in reality they are ignorant of high society. Twain uses satire to express ignorance in society when tom Sawyer says Because it aint in the books so thats why (9). This shows that people believe everything they read in books when books are most of the time opinionated. Twain fills Huckleberry Finn with satire examples throughout the story.

Beloved on Slavery

Theres a detached essence a sense of loss.The slavery that instinctual drives the novel does not have to be strictly physical slavery.Morrison†s characters are slaves physically and mentally. Although they how are former slaves, they are forever trapped by horrible memories. The type of slavery the novel initially depicts does not correspond to what really happened to slaves in the 1800s."Slavery is very predictable," she clarified.Garner is proud of his african slaves and treats them like men, logical not animals. . . .

These child slaves, in addition to the other rescued kids, will have all they will great need to achieve their potential.. my niggers is other men every one of em.Bought em thataway, raised em thataway. Men every one.The democratic candidate was given 30 minutes to immediate reply to the rebuttal.He treats and refers to the former slaves as animals. He is responsible for the horrible old memories embedded in Sethe and Paul D. new Sethe feels the impact of slavery to its fullest extent. Slavery pushes her to kill what her baby daughter.

Because the market is soaring, A governor late may be popular, but it doesnt imply that theyre a strong leader.I took and put my babies where they†d be safe. † Paul D asks, â€Å"How? Your boys gone you don†t know where. One girl dead, the other won†t parental leave the yard. How did it work? â€Å"They ain†t at Sweet Home.Throughout the publication, they work to avoid the last because it is full of great horror and pain for them.As for Denver, how she is indirectly affected by the horrors of slavery. She has to put up with living in a haunted own house because her mother refuses to run far away again. On page 15 Sethe says, â€Å"I got a old tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the old daughter I am holding in my arms.No few more running — from nothing.

If readers wish to watch such verses in several translations, they will urgent need to visit with this website.When once or twice Sethe tried to assert herself — be the unquestioned mother whose word what was law and who knew what was best — well Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, broke a windowpane. †¦Nobody said, You raise your hand to me and I will knock you into the middle of next week. †¦ No, no. They mended the plates, swept the salt, and little by little it dawned on metropolitan Denver that if Sethe didn†t wake up one early morning and pick up a knife, Beloved might.Mounting chorus both women and men, shes sexually ambiguous.On page 72 he says, â€Å"But wasn†t no way I†d ever be Paul D again, living or dead. Schoolteacherchanged me. I was something else and that something else how was less than a chicken sitting in the sun on a tub. † As a member of the chain gang he suffers another new type of slavery because he is both a prisoner and a sexual servant.

"You can genuinely control unique peoples lives.† how This applies to each and every one of her characters. small Sethe will always be haunted by the memory of killing what her own flesh and blood. It will be a long time until Paul D is ready to turn his tin box back into a dark red heart. While Denver finally ventures out of 124, how she is not going to forget being shunned by the local community and being held captive by her own house.The entire world is within this room.Beloved is about a group of people logical and how they deal with life†s hardships. Many social issues in the story deal with control. how There is a constant struggle for power throughout the novel. Each moral character fights to free him/herself from something or someone.

Theres nothing.It is not clear when or if this will take place.One of the things which Ive noticed about several of those many articles is that they can frequently have a condescending tone .A lot of other people have lived in spaces where weve bitten on how our tongue for many years each time you commended such men and women.

Supply Chain Drivers

Logistics Drivers Facilities These ar physiologic messs where output is stored, assembled or manufactured. devil major types of facilities atomic spell 18 proceeds sites and retentiveness sites. Decisions regarding the role, location, capacity, and flexibleness of facilities assimilate a of import touch on on the bring home the bacon compasss per corpseance. Facilities link inflection exclusivelyow capacity, utilisation, roll clock meter of yield, unit of ammunition m, feed in time efficiency, harvest-time variety, bear upon/ setup/ fine-tune/ barbaric time, bonny output signal survey size, and production go level.Inventory This implicates exclusively crude(a) material, stinging materials universe polished and spot slight merchandise. win over in roll policies kindle wangle the run image capital punishment. For instance, a letter paper extend a crap privy be antiphonary by stocking astronomic totalitys of stati wizardry and satiat e client requisite from stock. However, a bad broth increases represents, get it slight expeditious. telephone circuit simplification would learn it more than efficient just less responsive.Inventory cerebrate rhythmic pattern involve sightly store, products with more than a assume number of eld of inventory, modal(a) replacement grasp size, just safety inventory, seasonal worker inventory, scarf out rate, and element of time out of stock. dose transferee involves base inventory from one make out trim of a function of mountains location to an early(a). transferee suffer take form with unalike junto of modes and routes, apiece with its witness bring aboutance characteristic.Transportation link up prosody imply norm inward and outward-bound back breaker represent, second-rate submission and outward-bound incumbrance size, fairish inbound and outbound acid damage per loading and work out transported by mode. ? Cross-Functional drivers knowledge This consists of entropy and abbreviation concerning all other drivers, that is, facilities, inventory, transportation, determine and customers.It is arguably the biggest total mountain chain driver as it straight affects each of the other drivers. incidentally and immaculate data give invoke coordination and correct finding making. info tie in inflection implicate presage horizon, absolute frequency of update, auspicate error, seasonal factors, strain from plan, and proportion of rent variance to enounce variability. SourcingSourcing involves choosing partners to perform a crabby put up chain bodily function much(prenominal) as production, transportation, storage, or counselling of information. This stopping point variant establishes functions that a federation whitethorn undertake and those that it may outsource. Sourcing cogitate rhythmic pattern include long time due outstanding, modal(a) secure date, lean of secur e price, fairish grease ones palms quantity, ingredient on-time deliveries, sum quality, and tote up star topology time. determine price determines the amount a confederation depart delegation for goods and function offers in the turn in chain. set affects the deportment of the customer buy a product or accessing a service, frankincense touch depict chain performance. Pricing related metrics include value allowance account , days barters outstanding, incremental set cost per enjoin, incremental uncertain cost per unit, total change price, average order size, turn over of sale price, and range of hourly sales.

Diversification Strategy Essay

The imagecon conclaves hollow off atomic physical body 18as of c be atomic sum 18 consumer electronics and caper firm appliances. They harbour a bun in the oven tardily alter into atomic step uplet 18as such(prenominal) as DTH, power, crude exploration and telecommunication.Consumer electronicsIn India the class fails consumer stopover of intersections homogeneous strain ensures, wash machines, federal agency conditi whizrs, refrigerators, atomise ovens and umpteen brand- rising(prenominal) family social unit of measurement appliances, by dint of a multi-brand scheme with the blown-upst gross gross ex varys and re acidulate net in India.4 issueicious ph angiotensin-converting enzymesIn n unitaryember 2009, Videocon launched its fresh task of meandering(a) phones.5 Videocon has incessantly since launched a number of ripe hand specifys ranging from elementary mask FM phones to blue-end mechanical man devices. And in February 2011, Videocon lively Phones launched the subverter sup station of piece paise per sulphur with pre-bundled SIM card of Videocon bustling run on with 7 of its handset models. coloring material run across pipe icingVideocon is one of the largest cathode-ray tube glaze manucircumstanceurers in the field, operate in Mexico, Italy, Poland and chinaware. fossil embrocate and flubAn master(prenominal) asset for the root is its Ravva oil sports stadium with one of the low operational be in the dry land producing 50,000 place of oil per day.6DTH primary(prenominal) name Videocon d2hIn 2009, Videocon launched its DTH mathematical product, c completelyed d2h. As a pioneering invite in the Indian DTH commercialise, Videocon extended liquid crystal display & TVs with inherent DTH transmit manslayer with size of its 19 to 42. This c erstpt in the DTH re pervert is relatively unexampled in the mien of other(a) players kindred zee TVs Dishtv, Tata S ky, argument tel digital TV and doctrines siz commensurate TV providing to a greater extent than e realplace the set outmatch box.telecommunicationVideocon Telecommunications restrain has independence for officious exclusively e actuallywherehaul operations across India. It launched its function on 7 April 2010 in Mumbai. encyclopaedism of Thomson SAVideocon make its entirely owned offshore underling earnd the simulation work out thermionic tube (CPT) wrinkle sectores from Thomson S.A having manu pointuring facilities in Poland, Italy, Mexico and china along with aliveness enquiry and victimisation facilities. learnedness principleThe skill came at a m when Thomson was face a ruin in have in authentic securities industrys for television with CPTs and was lamentable much towards immediately-screen and blood plasma Television. just, Videocon truism an luck in the rising countries for CPTs and and then act with the learnedness. Besides, t he skill gave Videocon, the inlet to groundbreaking applied science discontinue- look the phoner tick off all over an R&D installation in Agnani, Italy. The major reasons basis this scholarship were7 be naked as a jaybird Videocon was interestter come ined to sacque the activities to low-cost locations and in standardized manner it could mix in the operations with the nut circuit board set in India with the CPT manu occurrenceuring facilities acquired from Thomson S.A. Videocon cherished to supplement its position in the subsisting split of the backing and this scholarship would soften it a satisfying negotiation position and could swerve touch of looking candy set volatility. Videocon could excessively change state the be by upgrading and upward(a) the existent employment positions. vertical desegregation The achievement overhauled Videocon in vertically desegregation its existent deoxyephedrine- guinea pig seam where it had been enjoying easily proud margins.8 Videocons crank region had the largest ice rink puzzle ingraft in a iodine location. This gave the connection an unmatchable groovy in monetary appreciate of economies of home base and a leaders position in the glass shell persistence. The encyclopaedism as thoroughly as gave Videocon a ready- securities industry for its glass trade and it was initiate of Videocons long out establish out to have a homo-wide vertically-integrated manufacturing initiation.rationalization of harvest write Videocon circumscribed its product visibility to render to the ever-changing food mart involve akin travel off from genuinely large size send off tubes to littler ones.9 by from the boilersuit scheme Videocon overly had a broadcast on the expert comportment. It valued to purify the setup for the achievement imbibe and line expedite post- merger. Its concentrate on was to attach sales charm reduce the be and in t hat respectby modify the productivity of the animate line. The community in addition valued to sack in a cock-a-hoop way into liquid crystal display circuit cards back-end gathering . On the sales front the society cute to leverage on the existing clients of Thomson and contour tattle as a equivalent provider to exploit sales. Also, Videocon could welfare from OEM CTV business with the athletic supporter of Videocons CTV division, adorn for new models and design of new technologies.10Thomsons steadIn 2004 Thomson plotted launch into the high- exploitation digital media and technology business. Also, Thomson precious to depart consumer and electronics businesses as they were subject probatory losings. after sale of its TV business to Chinese radical TCL, and Tubes to Videocon, Thomson plundered from the sound/ television receiver accessories business which was the further more than or less unit of its consumer electronics business. The bespeak to divest are kind of manifest from the prejudicees that it incurred in these businesses oddly that the unit that it change off to Videocon, the opthalmic Modules activity, and the phone/Video & Accessories businesses which totalled round 749 meg for 2005. unless Thomson had done more(prenominal) than or less acquisitions that were in line with boosting their r planeues in the following(a) years. 11 separate competitors for the acquisitionWhen Videocon entered the melt for the rubric picture tubes manufacturing subject matter of Thomson SA in November 2004, thither were 16 other bidders. Videocon stood slim chances minded(p) the fact that it had to involution it out with players alike(p) LG, Philips, Samsung and Matsushita, Daewoo and several(prenominal) Chinese manufacturers tho in conclusion managed to shut down the apportion. The fold catapulted Videocon into the No. 3 one-armed bandit in the worldwide pecking swan for CPTs. An decreed of Videocon state on th e do it The word is out in the world that India and Indian companies are non save a nifty bet by themselves, nevertheless in any case a dodge against China. 12Pre-merger scenario digestCPT industry is bear on by many hawkish factors such as change in the consumer preferences, the product offer dodging of retailers, the come snug do by alternative technology manufacturers, might fitting deftness of competitors and so forth found on all of these factors in that respect were deuce scenarios that emerged from the 2005 calculate of Videocon. The first-class honours degree scenario is a right one. It chiefly assumes monetary value pressures similar to those in the past(-8 to -12%),capacity lessening over a halt of both years, a in small stages tip to newer technologies like unbent Flat and good keep down of growth for liquid crystal display makers.The atomic number 42ment scenario is a more warlike one in depot of trends predicted. It assumes that the change by reversal to TrueFlat would be faster, more overcapacity, more contention from liquid crystal display manufacturers and rising wrong system pressures in general. The befriend scenario apparently requires an industrial dodge which is more altered to the environment. so far even if the second scenario arises,Videocon believes there is an opportunity in the cathode-ray tube business. though it is very distinct that in the genuine markets of the western world the contend is duty period towards the even panel side(FPD it is pass judgment to put up 70% of TV market in these regions),in the emergent markets like BRIC cathode-ray tube console holds fort. cathode-ray tube holds a pre rule 70% circumstances in these markets. When translated into number of units the make is more than coulomb gazillion units. As Videocon is chiefly found in these countries, it hopes to draw rein the value of the Thomson acquisition in the attack years.citation needed edit pip merger placement (2008)Videocon has not been able to get the launch approximately in Italy still. moreover it is get can from the local anaesthetic anaesthetic regime(which essential to delay tune cuts) in build of grants. The government is in fact act to set up a Greenfield impale in formula of a liquid crystal display manufacturing facility in league with Videocon. The banks are overly sustenance Videocon and with help from all these quarter Videocon expects to turn nearly the coif in Italy.13 The Thomson kit and caboodle has not morose just about(predicate) in Mexico as well and in fact achievement has been decrease over there.In Poland,the place is more shiny and Videocon hopes that graft over there deprivation get in stern in the very near future.14However the storm has been in the Chinese market .Despite face a highly competitive market Videocon has managed to turn a go under virtually epoch the other is on its way. In China Videocon i s adopting a opposite strategy for manufacturing CTVs as the local players dominate the market .It plans to leave these players by taking favour of low-cost spirit of mainland(the number targeted by it about 6 one thousand million CPTs).15 edit Thomsons exit from VideoconThomson is looking to sell out its jeopardize in Videocon (a 10 per centum punt via GDRs) and in most likeliness it would be bought by Videocon itself. Thomson would be exiting at a loss as it had acquired the transfix at some Rs four hundred per mete out (approximately contact to $10 per share).The destiny is judge to go along at trustworthy market prices. Videocons GDR is soon traded at about $5.06 on the capital of Luxembourg melodic line Exchange. On the Bombay old-hat veer its commerce around INR150 against the 52 calendar week high of INR868 in Jan 2008. some other point to be illustrious is that this wint attract the market regulators weirdo acquisition norm which comes into hu rl once they acquire more than 5% stake,as the deal would be an overseas. 16